DarkSword, a new iOS exploit kit, is used by multiple actors to steal data in campaigns targeting Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Malaysia, and Ukraine.
Lookout Threat Labs discovered a new iOS exploit kit called DarkSword that has been used since late 2025 by multiple threat actors, including surveillance vendors and likely nation-state actors. The toolkit enables full-chain attacks to steal sensitive data from Apple devices and has been observed in campaigns targeting countries such as Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Malaysia, and Ukraine.
The exploit chain relies on six vulnerabilities, three used as zero-days, to achieve full device compromise:
- CVE-2025-31277 – JavaScriptCore memory corruption (CVSS: 8.8)
- CVE-2026-20700 – dyld PAC bypass (CVSS: 8.6) (zero-day)
- CVE-2025-43529 – JavaScriptCore memory corruption (CVSS: 8.8) (zero-day)
- CVE-2025-14174 – ANGLE memory corruption (CVSS: 8.8) (zero-day)
- CVE-2025-43510 – iOS kernel memory issue (CVSS: 8.6)
- CVE-2025-43520 – iOS kernel memory corruption (CVSS: 8.6)
Together, these flaws enable full-chain exploitation and complete control of targeted iOS devices.
DarkSword targets iPhones running iOS 18.4–18.7 and has been used by the suspected Russian-linked group UNC6353 against Ukrainian targets. It allows attackers to steal sensitive data, including credentials and crypto wallet information, then quickly exfiltrates it in a “hit-and-run” approach before cleaning traces.
The exploits appear to be linked to Coruna exploits, DarkSword enables near full device access with minimal user interaction, showing how advanced exploits are now available on a secondary market to a wider range of threat actors.
“DarkSword aims to extract an extensive set of personal information including credentials from the device and specifically targets a plethora of crypto wallet apps, hinting at a financially motivated threat actor.” reads the report published by Lookout. “Notably, DarkSword appears to take a “hit-and-run” approach by collecting and exfiltrating the targeted data from the device within seconds or at most minutes followed by cleanup.”
Researchers investigating Coruna uncovered related infrastructure linked to Russian actor UNC6353, including a similar domain used in attacks on compromised Ukrainian sites, even government ones. Malicious iframes loaded scripts to fingerprint devices and target specific iOS versions. Further analysis revealed a new exploit chain, later named DarkSword, discovered in late 2025 through joint research by Lookout, iVerify, and Google, confirming a distinct and evolving threat.
While it initially appeared that this may be another site distributing Coruna, upon closer inspection of the our researchers found that the iframe loads a javascript file called rce_loader.js, which is largely responsible for fingerprinting devices visiting the compromised site in order to determine whether to route the devices to the iOS exploit chain. However, the script was looking for iOS devices with OS versions 18.4 or 18.6.2, which are iOS versions that are not susceptible to the exploit chains used in Coruna.
Recognizing that this was a new threat, our researchers analyzed the code and began capturing all of the stages of the exploits.
“As opposed to many other previously reported cases of sophisticated attacks on mobile devices, DarkSword is not designed for ongoing surveillance.” states the report. “Once it finishes collecting and exfiltrating the targeted data, it deletes the files it created on the filesystem of the device and exits. Its dwell time on the device is likely in the range of minutes, depending on the amount of data it discovers and exfiltrates.”
According to Lookout, the actor behind the exploit, UNC6353, remains a largely unknown group but has used advanced iOS exploit chains in watering hole attacks on Ukrainian websites. Likely well-funded, it appears to rely on third-party or brokered exploits, possibly linked to Russian ecosystems. The group targets both intelligence and financial data, including crypto assets, suggesting dual motives.
Its infrastructure is limited but shows deep access to compromised sites. Poor obfuscation and signs of AI-assisted code suggest limited in-house expertise. Overall, UNC6353 is assessed as a capable yet not highly sophisticated actor, potentially a Russia-aligned proxy blending espionage with cybercrime.
DarkSword shows a troubling trend: advanced iOS exploit chains are being sold on a secondary market, letting even less skilled actors launch powerful attacks. These near zero-click watering hole campaigns are stealthy and bypass user awareness. Once infected, devices face full compromise, with risks to both personal and corporate data, highlighting the urgent need for faster patching and stronger mobile defenses.
“The discovery of DarkSword as the second iOS exploit chain found in the hands of this at least partially financially motivated threat actor reveals a worrying trend.” concludes the report. “There appears to be a secondary market for technically sophisticated exploit chains in which unscrupulous sellers are willing to serve buyers with little or no concerns for how they are going to be used. These groups can then easily customize these kits into malware for their specific purposes, possibly with the help of AI.”
Google GTIG experts found multiple actors using DarkSword since November 2025, and believes other surveillance vendors or threat groups are likely using the exploit chain as well.
“The use of both DarkSword and Coruna by a variety of actors demonstrates the ongoing risk of exploit proliferation across actors of varying geography and motivation.” concludes GTIG.
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